Frames have existed in one form or another across every civilisation for centuries. A frame gives importance and power to the image within, drawing the eye and holding the viewer's attention. Decorative painted borders are perhaps the first kind of frame. The most basic "frame" surely is to take the floor as the first horizontal, the ceiling as the second, and to create the vertical lines with pillars. This creates an area to view within four borders. Many cultures experimented with this concept.
To make a frame, you only need to spend a small amount of money: a mitre block, wood glue, a saw and some nails. However, there is equipment on the market that helps to ensure straight cuts, seamless corners and good right-angle frames. I will list the simpler equipment you need, along with a few more expensive items. Allow yourself plenty of time and find a place to work which gives you enough room.
FRAMING
Mitre Block
A traditional piece of equipment which is used in conjunction with a tenon saw to create accurate 45 degree cuts. This is vital when creating a traditional square or rectangular frame as you must ensure the moulding is cut precisely. A mitre block is not very expensive and is available from most hardware or DIY stores. You will also need a piece of 5 x 2.5 cm (2 x 1 in.) scrap timber to put inside the block when sawing your moulding.
Tenon Saw
Although any ordinary hand saw will suffice, a tenon saw is recommended for use in a mitre block as it is sturdier and will give you more control.
Wooden Mouldings
These form the basis of most traditional square or rectangular frames. There are many stockists of mouldings. For the widest selection, contact a framing specialist, although timber merchants, some builders' merchants and DIY stores stock mouldings, and it is worth finding somewhere which stocks a wide selection and sells small quantities. If you can obtain a catalogue of mouldings, it is fun to browse through this at your leisure in the comfort of your own home.
Hand Drill
Small drills are available for intricate work, but a standard hand drill can be used for framing. If the drill bits are too large, you can cut the headings off moulding pins and use these instead.
Moulding pins or Veneer pins
These are better than panel pins as they are sharper and thinner and they will not split the frame when you hammer them in place.
Wood Adhesive
Used for gluing mouldings together, white PVA based wood adhesive is available from hardware and DIY stores.
Hammer
Choose a middleweight hammer. Anything too heavy will probably be difficult to handle; likewise if the hammer does not have sufficient weight, you will have to use more force than is necessary.
Sandpaper
All frames will need sanding to smooth joints, or in preparation for paint or stain. Use a fine grade sandpaper available from any hardware or DIY store.
Mitre Clamp
This will ensure you can glue and nail your components into a true right angle. It holds the wood by clamping it tightly together. Some clamps have an extension so that you can put right-angle moulding pins in from the back of the frame. This is recommended if you are doing a lot of framing. This will only be available from framing specialists. A simple mitre clamp should also be available from carpenters' suppliers.
Frame Clamp
This will hold your frame at true right angles while the glue dries. It is not very expensive to buy from a specialist supplier, but you can make your own from four solid 45 degree angles and piece of string.
"D" rings
These are used with screws or split pins to hang the picture on the wall. The advantage is that they keep the frame fairly flat against the wall. They are available through some glass merchants or through framing catalogues and stockists.
Screw Eyes
You may prefer to use these as an alternative to D rings, but they will hold the frame slightly away from the wall.
Cord or Wire
I prefer using nylon cord to traditional picture wire. However, a very heavy picture will require wire. Nylon cord is available from DIY stores, picture framers and haberdashery departments.
Mitre Saw
If you plan to make a lot of frames, a mitre saw is an easier way of cutting to an angle. It will also allow you to make hexagonal shapes as you can choose the angle you want to cut. A mitre saw is available from DIY stores or tool stockists but is generally expensive and, if you are inexperienced at using one, it will take some practice to develop the skill to operate it.
MOUNTING
Mounting materials must - above all - be clean and straight-edged, and the blade in your knife must be sharp. The better the conditions of your tools, the more professional the result will be.
Mount Board
There are many colours of mount board available: from white to black, marbled to mottled. Keep the board stored in a clean, dry place and preferably flat rather than standing on its edge. Most suppliers should let you have a sample book which you can keep at home for reference.
Coloured mount board is basically a white board with decorative paper adhered to both sides, so no matter what colour you buy, the edge will show white when you cut it.
Mount board is available from art suppliers, but framing specialists will stock a larger range.
Cutting Mat
This is an essential part of mounting, providing a safe and clean surface on which to cut your board. The mat is a self-healing rubber which allows you to put pressure on your knife without damaging the blade. Ensure you have plenty of space around the mat as a cramped space creates wobbly cutting. Most art and craft suppliers will stock cutting mats.
"T" Square
A "T" square with a rubberized backing is very useful for cutting. it does not slip and will ensure you cut at a right angle.
Cutting Knife
Choose a strong steel craft knife.
Mount Cutter
A small, hand-held mount cutter is quite inexpensive and easy to use. Most art and craft suppliers will be able to obtain one for you, even if they do not have one in stock. Buy extra blades so that the one you use is always razor sharp.
The mount cutter is still only a piece of hobby equipment and not a professional item, so it is not extremely expensive. It is very easy to operate and will guarantee a straight and accurate line every time. It is a good investment if you are planning lots of framing and mounting.
Tape
There are a variety of tapes on the market, but brown paper tape is the most useful to the framer. Use it to stick artwork on to a background. Because the tape is made of paper it will react to ambient conditions in the same way as the art work itself, so you will avoid any creasing or buckling. A ready-gummed brown tape is good for sealing the back of the frame as it will prevent dampness from entering and mouldering the mount and picture inside.
Although masking tape is handy, it is best only used for temporary positioning, as the brown tapes are longer-lasting and superior.
Scissors
Only use scissors for tape or paper. Do not attempt to cut board with them as you will never achieve a completely straight and true line.
Other Items
A clean, clear ruler is useful for measuring and drawing lines. Use an "H" pencil with a sharp pint for accurate line drawing. Keep an artist's soft eraser to hand for removing dirty finger marks or erasing mistakes.
Monday, August 27, 2007
Wednesday, August 22, 2007
Tools/Equipment needed for decoration purposes
Choosing the right Equipment
Home-decorating outlets and retail chains are full of tools and equipment designed to aid you in almost every decorating project. Quality is unquestionably the key to success when buying equipment. Remember that you can add to a tool collection as the need arises.
Basic Painting Equipment
Having the most suitable tools for painting projects is very important. There are several basic tools that should form part of every home decorator's painting kit, and which may then be added to for tasks with more specific requirements. Buying good-quality equipment will reap benefits in the form of better, longer-lasting results.
The basic painting equipments are:- Fitch
- 50 mm (2 in) brush
- 100 mm (4 in) brush
- Smooth roller sleeve
- Rough roller sleeve
- Dust mask
- Tape measure
- Paint kettle
- Roller cage
- Radiator roller
- Roller extension handle
- Bucket
- Dust sheet
- Roller tray
- Filling knife
- Sandpaper
Create paint effects
If you intend to use paint effects, you will require some additional equipment as well as certain different materials.
Testing equipment
Before buying any painting equipment - but especially large, costly pieces - test them for sturdiness, and make sure that they have an adequate guarantee.
Tips for choosing painting tools
Brush
Brushes are multi-purpose and come in many shapes and sizes. They are ideal for cutting in and painting intricate details, and can be used on open wall surfaces, but will be slower than other tools.
Roller
Rollers are ideal for wide open surfaces, being by far the quickest tools for covering walls efficiently. Their size varies, but rollers are too large for cutting in. The texture of rollers also varies.
Sprayer
Sprayers are ideal where little masking is required, and for painting broad wall surfaces and inaccessible areas such as behind pipes. Using a sprayer can be a messy business, so protect adjacent surfaces.
Pad
Pads are suitable for large surfaces, and small pads are available for cutting in. They cause less mess than rollers. Use them where extensive masking would otherwise be necessary, such as in kitchens.
Additional Painting Equipment
Building up a paint-effect tool kit can be expensive, so do it gradually. Buy equipment as you need it, rather than purchasing everything that you think you may need in the future, only to find that you use few items.
Use the following list as a guide.
- Large decorating brush
- Flogger
- Masking tape
- Stencilling brush
- Natural sponge
- Craft knife
- Plastic bag
- Lint-free cloth
- Stippling brush
- Cutting mat
Improvising
You can use tools other than special-effect equipment for paint techniques. Experiment with different objects - ordinary household items as well as decorating tools - to create unique effects.
Basic Wallpapering Equipment
You will need more equipment for papering walls than for painting. Many tools, however, are required for both, so once those items are in your toolkit they can be used for either job.
Here you can find a list of that equipment:
- Goggles
- Wallpaper-hanging brush
- Pasting brush
- Rubber gloves
- Pasting table
- Pencil
- Cross-head screwdriver
- Slot-head screwdriver
- Seam roller
- Filling knife
- Ruler
- Wallpaper hanging scissors
- Spirit level
- Stepladder
- Bucket
- Chalk line
- Steam stripper
- Wallpaper scraper
- Sponge
- Craft knife
- Measuring jug
- Tape measure
Prioritizing quality
Buy the best quality tools that you can afford. This is particularly important for the items that are used most, and those that come into direct contact with the wallpaper, such as wallpaper-hanging and pasting brushes, seam roller, scissors, and a craft knife. The latter two items are vital for making accurate cuts and, therefore, achieving the best possible finish.
Choosing brushes
Select a pasting brush that will cover a surface evenly and efficiently, and a wallpaper-hanging brush with long, flexible bristles.
Considering safety
Follow the same safety precautions with regard to wallpapering materials and equipment as for painting.
Basic Painting Equipment for Wood
Equipment for painting wood is little different from that for painting walls, requiring just a few additional items.
The equipments are:
- Angle-head paintbrush
- 12.5 mm (½ in) paintbrush
- 50 mm (2 in) paintbrush
- Lint-free cloth
- Sandpaper
- Hot-air gun
- Dust sheet
- Small roller and tray
Choosing brushes
Painting woodwork involves more detailed and smaller-scale work than painting walls, so you will need a larger range of small brushes. Pure bristle brushes give the highest quality finish but are more expensive than their synthetic counterparts. They are, however, easier to use.
Selecting sandpaper
Buy several grades of sandpapers. A good quality, fine-grade paper is essential for the smoothest possible finish.
The additional painting equipments that you might need are:
- Fitch
- Softener
- Flogger
- Comb
- Rocker
- Burnishing tool
- Lint-free cloth
- Wire brush
- Wire wool
- Jam jar
Much of the equipment used for creating paint effects on walls can also be used for woodwork. Many tools are multi-purpose.
Including brushes
Include a variety of sizes of brush in your toolkit to cater for different surface areas and finishes.
Meeting specific requirements
A tool such as a rocker will enable you to produce a highly individual wood effect.
Shelving Equipment
Shelves may be constructed from a variety of different materials, but their basic design remains relatively consistent.
Here you can find a list of shelving equipment:
- Spirit level
- Medium-weight bracket
- Heavy-weight bracket
- Expanding wing plug
- Spring toggles
- Plastic wall plugs
- Power drill
- Shelf supports
- Shelving track (Large, medium, small)
- Shelves (Glass, Softwood, Hardwood)
Supporting shelves
All shelves require some support. The exact nature of the support will be determined by the decorative requirements of the shelving and the type of fixing it needs. Use strong supports for a heavy shelf, or one that will carry a heavy load.
Basic Hanging Equipment
A limited amount of equipment is required for picture hanging, since it is a relatively simple job to carry out. However, using the correct equipment is essential, in order to ensure that pictures are hung safely and securely.
The basic hanging equipments are:
- Hammer
- Pencil
- Picture hanging-cord
- Picture hanging-wire
- Eyelets
- Screws
- Wall plugs
- J hook
- Picture rail hook
- Nails and double picture hook
- Nail and single picture hook
- Concrete wall hook
Keeping pictures on the wall
Prevent picture fastenings or fixings from failing by using the appropriate hooks and thread for each picture. Many hooks are sold with guidelines as to the weight they can bear.
Basic Flooring Equipment
Much of the equipment needed for flooring is already a part of most household toolkits, but in case you are not organised I have a list of equipment that I am sure will help you get organised.
- Tenon saw
- Panel saw
- Tile cutter
- Cross-headed screwdrivers
- Slot-headed screwdrivers
- Craft knife
- Tape measure
- Spirit level
- Disc cutter
- Knee kicker
- Nail punch
- Chalk line
- Bolster
- Carpenter's pencil
- Claw hammer
- Staple punch
Tips:
1. Hiring specialist tools. Hire specialist equipment if you need it. It is usually expensive, and you are unlikely to use it enough to justify buying.
2. Checking hired equipment. Make sure that equipment is working and has all necessary operating instructions and safety recommendations.
3. Planning tool use. Plan your work so that you hire equipment only when you need it. Do not hire an item on day one if you will not require it until day three.
Basic Tiling Equipment
A toolkit for tiling will include a few more specialist tools than those which are required for most other decorating jobs. However, some general tools are, in effect, multi-purpose and lend themselves to a number of different tasks.
The list of tiling equipment is the following:
- Score-and-snap pliers
- Power drill
- Tile file
- Tile saw
- Nibbler
- Sponge
- Tile scorer
- Tile spacers
- Tile cutter
- Sealant dispenser
- Pointing trowel
- Filling knife
- Spirit level
- Felt-tip pen
- Notched spreader
- Grout spreader
- Tape measure
- Goggles
- Tile gauge
Choosing a tile cutter
By far the most important piece of equipment you will buy for tiling purposes is a tile cutter. Buy a good quality one, since a sub-standard cutter will not produce clean edges and will increase the number of tiles that you break while cutting. This is wasteful of materials and time, and will result in greater expense in the long run.
Buying wisely
Do not be deterred by the initial expense of a few key tiling items: they may prove themselves to be worth it in the long term, especially as your technique improves.
Hiring instead of buying
Consider hiring expensive pieces of equipment such as tile-cutting machines, which you will use only occasionally.
HEALTH AND SAFETY GUIDELINES
When decorating, consider the following important health and safety aspects:
Following Instructions
- Always read manufacturers' operating instructions before using any equipment.
- Make sure that you use any materials or chemicals safely, complying with statutory legislation regulating the use of substances hazardous to health. Follow advice on labels carefully before making up solutions or mixtures.
Using Equipment
- Make sure that ladders and stepladders are in good working order, and platforms have been constructed safely, to prevent injury from falling.
Dealing with Electrics
- Disconnect any electrical equipment when it is not in use, even for a short time.
- Switch off the power supply when decorating around switches or power points, and when cleaning them.
- Consider using a residual current circuit breaker to protect against electrocution.
Protecting People
- Increase the ventilation in a room to reduce the effects of dust and fumes.
- Wear a mask to minimize the amount of dust and fine particles that you inhale.
- Wear safety glasses to protect eyes from flying debris.
- Wear gloves to protect skin from injury and irritation.
- Keep all chemicals and tools away from children and out of the way of «corridors within your working area.
Home-decorating outlets and retail chains are full of tools and equipment designed to aid you in almost every decorating project. Quality is unquestionably the key to success when buying equipment. Remember that you can add to a tool collection as the need arises.
Basic Painting Equipment
Having the most suitable tools for painting projects is very important. There are several basic tools that should form part of every home decorator's painting kit, and which may then be added to for tasks with more specific requirements. Buying good-quality equipment will reap benefits in the form of better, longer-lasting results.
The basic painting equipments are:- Fitch
- 50 mm (2 in) brush
- 100 mm (4 in) brush
- Smooth roller sleeve
- Rough roller sleeve
- Dust mask
- Tape measure
- Paint kettle
- Roller cage
- Radiator roller
- Roller extension handle
- Bucket
- Dust sheet
- Roller tray
- Filling knife
- Sandpaper
Create paint effects
If you intend to use paint effects, you will require some additional equipment as well as certain different materials.
Testing equipment
Before buying any painting equipment - but especially large, costly pieces - test them for sturdiness, and make sure that they have an adequate guarantee.
Tips for choosing painting tools
Brush
Brushes are multi-purpose and come in many shapes and sizes. They are ideal for cutting in and painting intricate details, and can be used on open wall surfaces, but will be slower than other tools.
Roller
Rollers are ideal for wide open surfaces, being by far the quickest tools for covering walls efficiently. Their size varies, but rollers are too large for cutting in. The texture of rollers also varies.
Sprayer
Sprayers are ideal where little masking is required, and for painting broad wall surfaces and inaccessible areas such as behind pipes. Using a sprayer can be a messy business, so protect adjacent surfaces.
Pad
Pads are suitable for large surfaces, and small pads are available for cutting in. They cause less mess than rollers. Use them where extensive masking would otherwise be necessary, such as in kitchens.
Additional Painting Equipment
Building up a paint-effect tool kit can be expensive, so do it gradually. Buy equipment as you need it, rather than purchasing everything that you think you may need in the future, only to find that you use few items.
Use the following list as a guide.
- Large decorating brush
- Flogger
- Masking tape
- Stencilling brush
- Natural sponge
- Craft knife
- Plastic bag
- Lint-free cloth
- Stippling brush
- Cutting mat
Improvising
You can use tools other than special-effect equipment for paint techniques. Experiment with different objects - ordinary household items as well as decorating tools - to create unique effects.
Basic Wallpapering Equipment
You will need more equipment for papering walls than for painting. Many tools, however, are required for both, so once those items are in your toolkit they can be used for either job.
Here you can find a list of that equipment:
- Goggles
- Wallpaper-hanging brush
- Pasting brush
- Rubber gloves
- Pasting table
- Pencil
- Cross-head screwdriver
- Slot-head screwdriver
- Seam roller
- Filling knife
- Ruler
- Wallpaper hanging scissors
- Spirit level
- Stepladder
- Bucket
- Chalk line
- Steam stripper
- Wallpaper scraper
- Sponge
- Craft knife
- Measuring jug
- Tape measure
Prioritizing quality
Buy the best quality tools that you can afford. This is particularly important for the items that are used most, and those that come into direct contact with the wallpaper, such as wallpaper-hanging and pasting brushes, seam roller, scissors, and a craft knife. The latter two items are vital for making accurate cuts and, therefore, achieving the best possible finish.
Choosing brushes
Select a pasting brush that will cover a surface evenly and efficiently, and a wallpaper-hanging brush with long, flexible bristles.
Considering safety
Follow the same safety precautions with regard to wallpapering materials and equipment as for painting.
Basic Painting Equipment for Wood
Equipment for painting wood is little different from that for painting walls, requiring just a few additional items.
The equipments are:
- Angle-head paintbrush
- 12.5 mm (½ in) paintbrush
- 50 mm (2 in) paintbrush
- Lint-free cloth
- Sandpaper
- Hot-air gun
- Dust sheet
- Small roller and tray
Choosing brushes
Painting woodwork involves more detailed and smaller-scale work than painting walls, so you will need a larger range of small brushes. Pure bristle brushes give the highest quality finish but are more expensive than their synthetic counterparts. They are, however, easier to use.
Selecting sandpaper
Buy several grades of sandpapers. A good quality, fine-grade paper is essential for the smoothest possible finish.
The additional painting equipments that you might need are:
- Fitch
- Softener
- Flogger
- Comb
- Rocker
- Burnishing tool
- Lint-free cloth
- Wire brush
- Wire wool
- Jam jar
Much of the equipment used for creating paint effects on walls can also be used for woodwork. Many tools are multi-purpose.
Including brushes
Include a variety of sizes of brush in your toolkit to cater for different surface areas and finishes.
Meeting specific requirements
A tool such as a rocker will enable you to produce a highly individual wood effect.
Shelving Equipment
Shelves may be constructed from a variety of different materials, but their basic design remains relatively consistent.
Here you can find a list of shelving equipment:
- Spirit level
- Medium-weight bracket
- Heavy-weight bracket
- Expanding wing plug
- Spring toggles
- Plastic wall plugs
- Power drill
- Shelf supports
- Shelving track (Large, medium, small)
- Shelves (Glass, Softwood, Hardwood)
Supporting shelves
All shelves require some support. The exact nature of the support will be determined by the decorative requirements of the shelving and the type of fixing it needs. Use strong supports for a heavy shelf, or one that will carry a heavy load.
Basic Hanging Equipment
A limited amount of equipment is required for picture hanging, since it is a relatively simple job to carry out. However, using the correct equipment is essential, in order to ensure that pictures are hung safely and securely.
The basic hanging equipments are:
- Hammer
- Pencil
- Picture hanging-cord
- Picture hanging-wire
- Eyelets
- Screws
- Wall plugs
- J hook
- Picture rail hook
- Nails and double picture hook
- Nail and single picture hook
- Concrete wall hook
Keeping pictures on the wall
Prevent picture fastenings or fixings from failing by using the appropriate hooks and thread for each picture. Many hooks are sold with guidelines as to the weight they can bear.
Basic Flooring Equipment
Much of the equipment needed for flooring is already a part of most household toolkits, but in case you are not organised I have a list of equipment that I am sure will help you get organised.
- Tenon saw
- Panel saw
- Tile cutter
- Cross-headed screwdrivers
- Slot-headed screwdrivers
- Craft knife
- Tape measure
- Spirit level
- Disc cutter
- Knee kicker
- Nail punch
- Chalk line
- Bolster
- Carpenter's pencil
- Claw hammer
- Staple punch
Tips:
1. Hiring specialist tools. Hire specialist equipment if you need it. It is usually expensive, and you are unlikely to use it enough to justify buying.
2. Checking hired equipment. Make sure that equipment is working and has all necessary operating instructions and safety recommendations.
3. Planning tool use. Plan your work so that you hire equipment only when you need it. Do not hire an item on day one if you will not require it until day three.
Basic Tiling Equipment
A toolkit for tiling will include a few more specialist tools than those which are required for most other decorating jobs. However, some general tools are, in effect, multi-purpose and lend themselves to a number of different tasks.
The list of tiling equipment is the following:
- Score-and-snap pliers
- Power drill
- Tile file
- Tile saw
- Nibbler
- Sponge
- Tile scorer
- Tile spacers
- Tile cutter
- Sealant dispenser
- Pointing trowel
- Filling knife
- Spirit level
- Felt-tip pen
- Notched spreader
- Grout spreader
- Tape measure
- Goggles
- Tile gauge
Choosing a tile cutter
By far the most important piece of equipment you will buy for tiling purposes is a tile cutter. Buy a good quality one, since a sub-standard cutter will not produce clean edges and will increase the number of tiles that you break while cutting. This is wasteful of materials and time, and will result in greater expense in the long run.
Buying wisely
Do not be deterred by the initial expense of a few key tiling items: they may prove themselves to be worth it in the long term, especially as your technique improves.
Hiring instead of buying
Consider hiring expensive pieces of equipment such as tile-cutting machines, which you will use only occasionally.
HEALTH AND SAFETY GUIDELINES
When decorating, consider the following important health and safety aspects:
Following Instructions
- Always read manufacturers' operating instructions before using any equipment.
- Make sure that you use any materials or chemicals safely, complying with statutory legislation regulating the use of substances hazardous to health. Follow advice on labels carefully before making up solutions or mixtures.
Using Equipment
- Make sure that ladders and stepladders are in good working order, and platforms have been constructed safely, to prevent injury from falling.
Dealing with Electrics
- Disconnect any electrical equipment when it is not in use, even for a short time.
- Switch off the power supply when decorating around switches or power points, and when cleaning them.
- Consider using a residual current circuit breaker to protect against electrocution.
Protecting People
- Increase the ventilation in a room to reduce the effects of dust and fumes.
- Wear a mask to minimize the amount of dust and fine particles that you inhale.
- Wear safety glasses to protect eyes from flying debris.
- Wear gloves to protect skin from injury and irritation.
- Keep all chemicals and tools away from children and out of the way of «corridors within your working area.
Wednesday, August 15, 2007
DISCLOSURE (PLEASE READ)
Information and Accuracy.
Information provided by this blog is provided "AS IS" without warranty of any kind, either express or implied, including but not limited to, implied warranties of merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose, or non-infringement.
No Liability.
In no event will I(the blogger) be liable to any party for any direct, indirect, punitive, special, incidental or other consequential damages arising directly or indirectly from any use of this blog information, even if I (the blogger) am expressly advised of the possibility of such damages.
Information provided by this blog is provided "AS IS" without warranty of any kind, either express or implied, including but not limited to, implied warranties of merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose, or non-infringement.
No Liability.
In no event will I(the blogger) be liable to any party for any direct, indirect, punitive, special, incidental or other consequential damages arising directly or indirectly from any use of this blog information, even if I (the blogger) am expressly advised of the possibility of such damages.
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